Contemporary Jihad in Indonesia: A Dynamic Interpretation of the Qur'anic Verses in Surah At-Tawbah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the actualization of the concept of jihad in Indonesia from the perspective of the Qur'anic verses on jihad, particularly those found in Surah At-Taubah, and to examine their relevance in addressing contemporary misunderstandings associated with radicalism and extremism. Using a qualitative approach and a library research method, data were collected from the Qur'an, classical and contemporary Qur'anic commentaries (tafsir), Hadith, and relevant scholarly literature on jihad and Islamic thought. The findings reveal that the concept of jihad in Surah At-Taubah encompasses a comprehensive meaning that extends beyond armed struggle, including efforts to uphold faith, defend justice, promote social welfare, and strive for moral and spiritual excellence in accordance with Islamic principles. The study also finds that the misinterpretation of jihad often stems from partial and contextualized readings of the Qur'anic text without considering its historical background, objectives (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah), and interpretive framework. This study concludes that a holistic understanding of the Qur'anic concept of jihad is essential to prevent ideological distortion and to promote a moderate, peaceful, and contextual interpretation of Islam in contemporary Indonesian society. The study recommends strengthening Qur'anic literacy, promoting contextual approaches to Qur'anic interpretation, and reinforcing the role of Islamic educational institutions in disseminating a comprehensive understanding of jihad based on authentic Islamic sources.